Author Archives: paraxportal

1. Basic description of the disease Varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, usually occurring on the left side. It may cause discomfort, a feeling of heaviness, or male infertility. The primary treatment is varicocelectomy, a surgery that involves tying or sealing the affected veins to improve blood flow.   2. Nursing and medical measures Before surgery: Scrotal Doppler ultrasound Blood and urine tests ECG (if […]

1. Basic description of the disease Knee joint replacement is a surgery where the damaged part of the knee joint is removed and replaced with an artificial joint. This surgery is usually done for patients with severe arthritis or serious knee injuries to reduce pain and improve movement.   2. Nursing and medical measures Before surgery: Perform necessary tests (blood, urine, imaging) Take an electrocardiogram (EKG) Consultation with the anesthesiologist […]

1. Basic description of the disease Hip replacement surgery is a procedure in which the damaged hip joint is replaced with an artificial one. It is usually performed on patients with severe arthritis, hip fractures, or joint degeneration due to other causes. The main goal is to relieve pain and improve function and mobility.   2. Nursing and medical measures Before surgery: Perform required tests (blood, urine, imaging) Take an […]

1. Basic description of the disease Tonsils are lymphatic tissues at the back of the throat. In children, recurrent infections or significant enlargement may require surgery. Tonsillectomy is usually performed due to chronic sore throat, sleep apnea, or difficulty swallowing.   2. Nursing and medical measures Before surgery: ENT specialist examination Blood tests and anesthesia evaluation Parental education on pre-op preparation After surgery: Pain management with medication Monitor swallowing and […]

1. Basic description of the disease Septoplasty is a surgery to correct a deviated nasal septum, which can cause nasal obstruction, sleep disturbances, or breathing issues. Rhinoplasty is a cosmetic or functional nose surgery aimed at reshaping the nose or correcting internal structures. Both procedures may be performed together.   2. Nursing and medical measures Before surgery: Full nasal examination and imaging (CT scan or endoscopy) General health check and […]

1. Basic description of the disease Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive surgery used to remove the gallbladder, commonly performed in cases of gallstones, inflammation, or recurrent infections. The procedure involves making small incisions in the abdomen, inserting a camera and special instruments to remove the gallbladder. Compared to open surgery, this method results in less pain and faster recovery.   2.  Nursing and medical measures Before surgery: Blood and […]

1. Basic description of the disease A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak spot in the abdominal wall. The most common type is inguinal hernia. Symptoms may include a visible bulge, discomfort, or pain—especially when lifting heavy objects. Surgery is the standard treatment, which involves repositioning the tissue and strengthening the wall with stitches or mesh.   2. Nursing and medical measures Before surgery: […]

1. Basic description of the disease Lumbar disc herniation occurs when the inner gel-like material of an intervertebral disc protrudes and compresses nearby spinal nerves. It can cause severe back pain, leg numbness, muscle weakness, or difficulty walking. If conservative treatments fail, surgery is recommended. In severe cases, spinal fixation using screws and rods (instrumentation/CD placement) is performed to stabilize the spine.   2. Nursing and medical measures Before surgery: […]

For patients with abnormal tissue growth on the cornea 1. Basic description of the disease Pterygium is an abnormal growth of conjunctival tissue onto the cornea. It may cause redness, dryness, eye irritation, or even visual disturbances. Surgery is recommended if the pterygium grows large or affects vision or appearance.   2. Nursing and medical measures Eye examination by ophthalmologist Assessment of pterygium size and corneal involvement Decision on surgical […]

Opening the tear duct 1. Basic description of the disease DCR (Dacryocystorhinostomy) is a surgery used to treat chronic tear duct obstruction. This condition may cause excessive tearing, inflammation (dacryocystitis), and infection. The surgery creates a new pathway between the tear sac and the nose for proper tear drainage.   2. Nursing and medical measures Evaluation by ophthalmologist ± ENT consultation CT scan or dacryocystography to assess blockage Tear flow […]